TikTok and its Chinese parent company ByteDance are facing a lawsuit from the U.S. government for allegedly violating the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), a key federal law designed to safeguard children's privacy online.

The lawsuit, filed in the Central District of California on Friday by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), accuses TikTok of illegally collecting personal information from children without obtaining parental consent, a clear breach of COPPA. This law restricts tracking by online services, including social media apps, video game platforms, and digital advertising networks, when it involves children under 13.

The lawsuit alleges that TikTok has been permitting children to create accounts since 2019, which they used to interact with adults on the platform. Through these accounts, TikTok reportedly collected extensive personal information from children without proper parental consent.

Acting Associate Attorney General Benjamin C. Mizer expressed the government's concern over TikTok’s practices, stating, “The Department is deeply concerned that TikTok has continued to collect and retain children’s personal information despite a court order barring such conduct. With this action, the Department seeks to ensure that TikTok honors its obligation to protect children’s privacy rights and parents’ efforts to protect their children.”

TikTok has denied the allegations, arguing that many of the claims relate to past practices that have been corrected. In a statement, a company spokesperson said, “We disagree with these allegations, many of which relate to past events and practices that are factually inaccurate or have been addressed.” The spokesperson emphasized that TikTok offers age-appropriate experiences with stringent safeguards, proactively removes suspected underage users, and has voluntarily implemented features such as default screen time limits, Family Pairing, and additional privacy protections for minors.

This legal action follows a significant FTC settlement in 2019 with Musical.ly, which later merged with TikTok under ByteDance. The $5.7 million settlement, at the time the largest civil penalty obtained by the FTC in such a case, stemmed from similar COPPA violations. The U.S. Committee on Foreign Investment continues to review ByteDance’s acquisition of Musical.ly in 2017.

Beyond the immediate allegations of COPPA violations, TikTok has been under intense scrutiny over national security concerns. Lawmakers have raised issues regarding the potential for user data being accessed by the Chinese government and the possibility of content manipulation to influence U.S. users, although no concrete evidence has been presented to support these claims thus far.

The outcome of this lawsuit could have significant implications for TikTok, ByteDance, and other digital platforms regarding how they handle children's data and comply with privacy regulations. This legal battle also forms part of a larger confrontation between the U.S. government and TikTok, including ongoing discussions about potentially forcing ByteDance to sell the platform or face a national ban.